Search results for " Low-energy"
showing 10 items of 13 documents
Multi-objective optimization of building life cycle performance. A housing renovation case study in Northern Europe
2020
While the operational energy use of buildings is often regulated in current energy saving policies, their embodied greenhouse gas emissions still have a considerable mitigation potential. The study aims at developing a multi-objective optimization method for design and renovation of buildings incorporating the operational and embodied energy demands, global warming potential, and costs as objective functions. The optimization method was tested on the renovation of an apartment building in Denmark, mainly focusing envelope improvements as roof and exterior wall insulation and windows. Cellulose insulation has been the predominant result, together with fiber cement or aluminum-based cladding …
A review on optimization and cost-optimal methodologies in low-energy buildings design and environmental considerations
2019
Abstract The topic of low-energy buildings received a widespread and growing interest in last years, thanks to energy saving policies of developed countries. The design of a low-energy building is addressed with energy saving measures and renewable energy generation, but the correct assessment of phenomena occurring in a building usually requires to perform dynamic simulations and to analyze multiple scenarios to attain the optimal solution. The optimality of a technical solution may be subject to contrasting constraints and objectives. For this reason, designers may employ mathematical optimization techniques, a non-familiar topic to most of building designers. In this paper, a review on o…
ESR response of alanine films exposed to low-energy (1-40 keV) X-rays
2018
Introduction L-a-alanine has aroused considerable interest for use in radiation ESR dosimetry. In this work, we examined the energy response of alanine ESR films in the low energy X-photon energy range between 1 keV and 40 keV. Dose measurements through a reference ionization chamber and a semiconductor detection system were also performed to complement ESR measurements. Methods Commercial alanine ESR films were used. All ESR signal measurements were also done using an XBand (9.7 GHz) Bruker spectrometer. The dosimeters were irradiated at the "Livio Scarsi" Laboratory (LAX) of the University of Palermo, where X-ray beams in the 1–40 keV energy range are produced using a Seifert SN60 tube. R…
Materials for sustainable architecture in the Mediterranean region
2016
There has been recent increased use of earth for construction of buildings in developed countries, largely because of concerns with the environmental impact and embodied carbon from fired bricks and cement based products. Of all forms of earth construction, the widest impact on modern construction is likely to come from commercially produced unfired earth masonry where large scale production can significantly reduce costs. The use of traditional materials in the Mediterranean area needs to be reassessed with a thought given to environmental sustainability, but also with an eye to the reappropriation of the predominantly massive nature of Mediterranean architecture. This article contemplates…
Paving the way for the Paris Agreement:Contributions of SDEWES science
2023
Today, coal is responsible for 40% of annual CO2 emissions. At the same time, global warming causes climate changes accompanied with catastrophic meteorological phenomena all over the world. After the 2015 Paris Agriment many countries set ambitious energy policy to reduce the annual greenhouse gas emission. The 2021 UN Climate Change Conference, COP26 - Glasgow, ended with the adoption of a less stringent resolution than some anticipated: countries only agreed to “phase down” rather than “phase out” coal. Is possible the realization of the Paris Agreement after COP-26? For achieving this ambitious targets in such conditions, the support of the multi-disciplinary scientific knowledge is nee…
Recent advances in methods, policies and technologies at sustainable energy systems development
2022
Following the 2015 Paris Agreement and other agreements which have been signed after, sustainable energy development is becoming the major goal in many countries. EU have set the targets to reduce the annual greenhouse gas emission by 40% in 2030 and 80% for 2050 compared with 1990 levels. For achieving this ambitious energy policy, three major technological changes are available: energy savings on the demand side, efficiency improvements in the energy production, and replacement of fossil fuels by various sources of renewable energy. Also, for realization cited three major technological changes the support of the multi-disciplinary scientific knowledge is needed. Therefore, from the beginn…
The next-generation liquid-scintillator neutrino observatory LENA
2012
We propose the liquid-scintillator detector LENA (Low Energy Neutrino Astronomy) as a next-generation neutrino observatory on the scale of 50 kt. The outstanding successes of the Borexino and KamLAND experiments demonstrate the large potential of liquid-scintillator detectors in low-energy neutrino physics. LENA's physics objectives comprise the observation of astrophysical and terrestrial neutrino sources as well as the investigation of neutrino oscillations. In the GeV energy range, the search for proton decay and long-baseline neutrino oscillation experiments complement the low-energy program. Based on the considerable expertise present in European and international research groups, the …
Spin alignment and violation of the OZI rule in exclusive ω and ϕ production in pp collisions
2014
Exclusive production of the isoscalar vector mesons $\omega$ and $\phi$ is measured with a 190 GeV$/c$ proton beam impinging on a liquid hydrogen target. Cross section ratios are determined in three intervals of the Feynman variable $x_{F}$ of the fast proton. A significant violation of the OZI rule is found, confirming earlier findings. Its kinematic dependence on $x_{F}$ and on the invariant mass $M_{p\mathrm{V}}$ of the system formed by fast proton $p_\mathrm{fast}$ and vector meson $V$ is discussed in terms of diffractive production of $p_\mathrm{fast}V$ resonances in competition with central production. The measurement of the spin density matrix element $\rho_{00}$ of the vector mesons…
Measurement of the p(e,e′π+)n reaction close to threshold and at low Q2
2017
The cross section of the $p(e,e'\pi^+)n$ reaction has been measured for five kinematic settings at an invariant mass of $W = 1094$ MeV and for a four-momentum transfer of $Q^2 = 0.078$ (GeV/$c$)$^2$. The measurement has been performed at MAMI using a new short-orbit spectrometer (SOS) of the A1 collaboration, intended for detection of low-energy pions. The transverse and longitudinal cross section terms were separated using the Rosenbluth method and the transverse-longitudinal interference term has been determined from the left-right asymmetry. The experimental cross section terms are compared with the calculations of three models: DMT2001, MAID2007 and $\chi$MAID. The results show that we …
The large-area micro-channel plate entrance detector of the heavy-ion magnetic spectrometer PRISMA
2005
This paper describes the entrance detector of the magnetic spectrometer PRISMA recently installed at Legnaro. The detector is based on rectangular (80 x 100 mm(2)) Micro-Channel Plates (MCP). It provides a fast time signal and its position-sensitive anode allows to extract the X and Y information. It exploits an electrostatic field for the acceleration of secondary electrons from a thin Carbon foil (similar or equal to 20 mu g/cm(2)) onto the MCP assembly. The electrons are guided by a parallel magnetic field. Good performances were obtained in the laboratory tests. The detector is presently installed at the entrance of PRISMA and gives resolutions <= 400 ps in time, and 1 mm in both X and …